Journal articles: 'Ukrainian spells' – Grafiati (2024)

Abstract:

Block’s essay «The Poetry of Charms and Spells» was written in the fall of 1906 for the first volume of the "History of Russian Literature", the one on folk literature. In his essay, Blok cites Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian spells and, in addition to the authentic folklore texts, offers some literary stylizations that go back to the "Tales of the Russian People on the Family Life" of their Ancestors by I. P. Sakharov. The analysis of three Sakharov texts quoted by Blok reveals their differences from the authentic spells, as well as their poetic structure. Blok’s impressions of the "Spell Against the Anguish of a Bereaved Mother Separated from Her Dear Child" from Sakharov’s collection found their way into his poem «Son and Mother».

Abstract:

The article proposes a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the topographic repertoire of Ukrainian spells. Peculiarities of topographical and toponymic vocabulary functioning in the most ancient texts of ritual folklore are deduced. It has been determined that the spells reflect different geographical areas with the help of 7 structural-and-semantic types of topolexes; their artistic-and-aesthetic focus has been identified. Geographical names as culturally loaded onyms in folklore texts carry a huge layer of culturally significant information in their semantics. In this case the name is an abridged history of the inner life and spirit of the people. The cultural component of the language at the vocabulary level (hence the proper names) to some extent fixes the culture of the people - the native speakers, reflects the inherent worldview of the people. It has been proved that the disclosure of the functional load and mechanisms of onomastic vocabulary in folklore texts will contribute to the clarification and deepening of the theoretical foundations of onomastics as a linguistic science. Each geographical name, entering folklore texts, is combined with a complex range of relations that can be restored only on the basis of a comprehensive systematic analysis of all manifestations of spiritual and material culture of the people, taking into account regional data distribution and knowledge of typologically related cultures. One of the toponyms’ functions in the texts of the spells is a targeted one, but this category of proper names in folklore texts performs not only a nominative function, but often acquires a generalized abstract meaning, adds other semes to their lexicographically fixed meaning, which implicitly contain people's attitudes to the world. It has been proved that geographical names appear in folklore genres as peculiar concepts of the linguistic-and-figurative sphere of the Slavic mentality.

Abstract:

This paper continues the series of the authors’ works on the toponymy of charms previously published in Voprosy Onomastiki. It deals with proper names of trees (dendronyms) in East Slavic spells coming from East Belarusian, East Ukrainian, West and South Russian territories where the considered folklore tradition is particularly prominent. The naming of revered trees is a fairly common cult practice that occurs through cultural semiotization of significant plant properties: the most important features are the size and spreading of a tree, its situational connection with a person, the place of growth, etc. The folklore tradition (as reflected in charms) of naming trees follows the same logic, however, direct evidence of dendronyms “migration” from the real toponymic system to the texts of charms is lacking. The origins of mythodendronyms are established mainly in folklore, book and manuscript tradition. The paper explores functional features of charms that include names of trees (typically these are healing charms against fever and a snakebite). Hence, a classification of dendronyms from the point of view of their origin is proposed: deanthroponymic names (Yevim oak, Erofei tree, Katyarina byarosa, etc.), toponym-based names (Mamvriy oak, Buyan oak, Lukomor oak, etc.), ethnonym-based names (Sorochinsky oak, Vereisk oak, etc.), names derived form appellatives (karcolist tree, starodub oak, Rakitaniy oak, Kindyashnoe tree, and many others). The paper proposes etymological and motivational solutions for most of the mythodendronyms known to the authors, many of which are “opaque” and have not yet received a reliable interpretation.

Abstract:

The research of the features of Ukrainian Christianity in the works of M.F. Sumtsov was analyzed. On this theoretical and philosophical-theoretical basis, the characteristics of the features of the «Ukrainian Orthodoxy», which have an influence on the formation of Ukrainian identity, are singled out and given. Modern scholars V. Gorsky, A. Kolodnyy, Y. Chornomorets emphasize the philosophical and cultural consequences of the Ukrainian Orthodox paradigm to determine the meaning of life-style guidelines of Ukrainians, the mental and identification characteristics of the Ukrainian nation. An ideologue of Ukrainian Orthodoxy contributing to the consolidation of modern Ukrainian society, the unification of common religious spiritual values, was presented in the works of Mykola Sumtsov, one of the first in his scholarly works. One of the ways to overcome the crisis of our society and a significant step towards consolidation of the national Ukrainian identity is to obtain autocephaly by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. In the writings of Mykola Sumtsov it is emphasized that the Christian church is an important means of Ukrainian national unity. Mykola Sumtsov speaks about pan-European, democratic tendencies in the Ukrainian Orthodoxy, the approach of Ukrainian Orthodoxy to the soul and everyday life of Ukrainians, involvement through the church to public life. In the study of the features of Ukrainian Orthodoxy, the author identified his following defining characteristics: cordocentrism, democracy, harmony of public and ecclesiastical life. morality, focus on active moral and practical activity. On the basis of our research, we have identified a significant theoretical potential of M. Sumtsov's works, their high analytic and encyclopedic character.

Abstract:

Polish-Ukrainian borderland is commonly associated with Austrian Eastern Galicia. The river San marked the western border, and the river Zbruch marked the eastern one. It was multiethnic and multicultural land. At the beginning of the twentieth century Eastern Galicia acquired an exceptional symbolic meaning, becoming the place of collision of two state projects - Polish and Ukrainian. The complex relationship between Ukrainians and Poles was escalated by the Second World War. The problem of national minorities was to be solved by resettlement, that took place from 1944 to 1946. So during and after World War II, this region lost their traditional multiethnic character. Poles, Jews, and smaller numbers of Germans were replaced by Ukrainians from those territories that became part of the new Polish state. From this period Eastern Galicia became the part of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. This article centers on the question of what were the essential features that delimit the identity of Poles and Ukrainians in the mid-1940s? For answering on this question, I have chosen unpublished memoires of a man who was born in 1913 in Austrian Galicia, lived in Lviv voivodeship of the Second Polish Republic and died in Soviet Ukraine; I also use oral conversations with his children. Methodologically this paper is based on the work of Frederick Barth and Iver Neumann, who concluded that the most effective way of studying identity is to investigate the significant markers of identity that delimit the culture of this group from the culture of the «Other». Thus, it has been noted by many authors, identity is a very complex subject, that is difficult to study. The historical sources used in this article, shows that identity of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland population is ambivalent, blurred. The most significant marker of ethnic identity - language - does not «work» for the population of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland due to the widespread bilingualism. Difficulties arise with another markers - differences in denomination affiliation and the territory.

Abstract:

The essence of the concept WIND is invetigated in the article in the texts of Ukrainian folk orders. The peculiarities of expression and functioning of this concept in orders of different thematic groups are determined. The linguistic means, which form the semantic content of the concept WIND, are described. The language model of the world, reflecting the peculiarities of a certain lingoculture, retains the perceptions inherent to the society. One of the key concepts of Ukrainian ethnoculture is the wind energy, which implements universal and national specifics. Concept WIND is a fragment of the language model of the world of Ukrainians; it preserves the results of cognitive activity and reflects archetypal representations of the mental model. Emotional assessment of the wind in the texts of Ukrainian orders is ambivalent. On the one hand, the wind is conceived as an assistant, and on the other hand – as a dangerous, unmanageable power. For the most part, the concept WIND is verbalized in the texts of orders from pains, from the bite of a snake, and its metaphorical transformations are manifested by epithets that depict sad images. The lexeme wind is associated with the persistent character of the violent. Epithets strong, violent specify the semantics of the wind. Constituents of the concept WIND are tokens on the designation of motion, time and space. In the texts of Ukrainian folk orders the token is accompanied by a number of symbols. Personification of the wind is realized in the appeals, illustrating the connection with the mythical knowledge of our ancestors.Appeal to the wind is an integral part of the spell formula, which manifests itself in the acts of a request, requirement or order. The formula for the protection or prevention is order, in which there are verbs with “guarding” semantics, such as: help, save, and protect. The formulation of the submission is made using the verb in the orderly manner and the circ*mstances of the place, it is productive in orders, where the disease is sent by the wind and by the smoke. The verbal formulas of the texts of the Ukrainian folk orders, in which the concept WIND operates, reflects the model of the Ukrainian’s world. Orders are an exceptionally important component of the folk medicine of Ukrainians and are among the suggestive means of treating the patient’s mental and physical disorders.

Abstract:

One of the new directions in ethnosociology is the study of population groups with multiple (often double) ethnic identities, which are growing quantitatively due to the spread of ethnically “mixed” marriages, migrations, etc. Among such “hybrid” ethnic groups, residents with Russian-Ukrainian identity are one of the largest bi-ethnic communities in Russia. In particular, in the Russian regions bordering with Ukraine, residents with dual Russian-Ukrainian identity make up a significant proportion of the population. Accordingly, the studies of 2017–2018 show that in Belgorod region 16 % of residents have Russian-Ukrainian ethnic identities, whereas it is 23 % in the bor-der municipalities. In this paper, the genesis and reproduction potential of a bi-ethnic Russian-Ukrainian popula-tion group at the Russian-Ukrainian borderland is discussed. The first part of the paper comprises an overview of the studies of multiethnic groups, including the Russian-Ukrainian population. The second part is based on em-pirical ethnosociological research conducted by the author and is devoted to finding the answer to the question: “Is the population with the double Russian-Ukrainian identity an independent, permanently existing ethnocultural community or a transitional group that temporarily emerged in the process of assimilation of the Ukrainians in Russia?”. Sociological data indicate that this group of population should be considered as a separate, perma-nently existing ethno-cultural community, and not a temporary, transitional group in the process of assimilation of the Ukrainians in Russia. In favor of the former speaks the fact that the population with the double Russian-Ukrainian identity consists mainly of autochthonous people, with a balanced age composition, who inherited bi-ethnicity by their “mixed” origin, rather than by assimilation. In the respondents in this group, endogenous factors of the formation of ethnic identity are dominant; they feel an inextricable ethnic connection with the population of the neighboring Ukrainian regions. At the same time, members of the Russian-Ukrainian ethnocultural group are predominantly pessimistic about possibility of inheriting their double identity by future generations.

Abstract:

The subject of this publication is related to such directions of modern linguistics as critical discourse analysis, media linguistics, and text semantics. The article examines the features of the media discourse of Ukraine on the example of antonymic semantic relations that are the result of modern discursive practice. The media discourse of modern Ukraine demonstrates the facts of the emergence and functioning of the pseudo-antonymic opposition. The research is based on economic topics articles published in Ukrainian online publications during 2019-2020. The texts of the publications are written in Ukrainian or Russian. All articles are devoted to the problem of “betrayal or victory”. The author of the article asserts that the active functioning of the Ukrainian lexemes “betrayal” and “victory” in the media discourse influenced not only the emergence of unusual oppositional relations between these lexemes. The active use of pseudo-antonyms in speech contributes to the destruction of traditional axiological values of Ukrainians and involves them in pseudo-discussions. Thus, first of all, the “power of discourse” is manifested. The author speaks about the formation of an independent discourse “betrayal or victory” in the Ukrainian media discourse. Pseudo-antonyms explode the pragmatic intentions of the sender of the message and are a means of manipulative influence on the linguistic consciousness of the recipient.

Abstract:

The article is an attempt to define a very special role of women in society, inherent in only Ukrainian historical realities. In particular, a somewhat non-trivial approach to the formation of a source base for the study allowed referring to works of fiction. Most attention is paid to the issue of women entering society medium in the times of the Cossacks. Among the conclusions – contrary to national, gender and social oppression for several centuries – Ukrainian women have maintained their commitment to universal human and Christian ideals and virtues. The role and place that women take in the social structure is an extremely significant criterion for assessing the level of civilizing development of one or other society. It was the words “Equal among equals” that one could quite accurately define the positions of Ukrainian women in the glorious and tragic times of the national history – during the emergence and heyday of the Cossacks. It was a time when Ukrainian women, not only a gentry, but also a simple Cossack women, invariably felt not imaginary but sincere self-respect both in the family and in the society. However, not only in Cossack times, but throughout the turbulent history of our country, Ukrainian women did not just “walk alongside of” their men, they often stepped forward, and their actions were decisive for the further course of events for many years to come. Unfortunately, there are reasons to consider the current (as of 2019) stage of research in the format of scientific inquiry, which directly relates to Ukrainian women in the historical and cultural context, only as an initial one. With this in mind, the aim of the proposed work is to begin filling in quite substantial gaps in the civilizing history of Ukraine. It was they, Ukrainian women – even from renowned Princess Olha – who became the worthy examples to follow for their compatriots. There are countless names of women, by whom Ukraine is proud of and who are respected all over the world – from the poetess Lesia Ukrainka, folk paintress Yekateryna Bilokour, opera vocalist Solomiia Krushelnytska up to bright personalities already from the contemporary generation of Ukrainian women. They did never and under no circ*mstances bow to a slavish worldview. In this regard the observation of a well-known European writer, made by him as far back as in the last century, is very accurate: “The Ukrainian woman is the Spanish woman of the East ... At every opportunity, her irrepressible Cossack nature flares up in her soul that does not know any repressor ...”. And further: “They are always ready to change ploughshares for spears, they live in small republican communities, as equals among equals ...”. We discover all this for ourselves in the “Female Images from Galicia” by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch. Paul of Aleppo, known also as Paul Zaim, an Arab traveller, who visited Ukraine twice in the middle of the XVII century, testified: “... Throughout the Cossack land we saw a strange thing – they all are, with few exceptions, literate; even most of their women and daughters can read and know the procedure of church service ... Ukrainian women are well dressed, busy with their own affairs, and no one casts sassy glances at them.” Numerous documents have survived, indicating that the wives of the Cossack Starshyna not only knew writing and reading well but were also able, when the need arose, to help their husbands in solving the most important political problems. The material, which is no less important in its cognitive weight from documentary evidence, also provides imaginative literature, where the realities of bygone times are reflected through the author’s creative imagination. These are the dramatic poem “Boyaryna” by Lesia Ukrainka, and “Hanna Montovt”, the story written by a famous Ukrainian historian and writer Orest Levytskyi, as well as “Aeneid”, a burlesque and tranny poem written by Ivan Kotliarevskyi; the latter literary work can be considered as a kind of encyclopaedia of Olde Ukrainian life. In “Boyarina”, the comparison of the “civil society” (using the modern definition) of the Ukrainian Cossack State with the conditions prevailing in neighbouring Muscovy is especially striking. A young girl of Ukrainian noble descent, who left her motherland for the sake to be with her beloved man, met in a foreign land very different ideas about human truths, class-specific and inherent female virtues, which are significantly different from those truly Christian and deeply democratic principles of life that she was used to since childhood in her native Ukraine. And, becoming a Boyarina, although she obeyed fate, however, she was no longer able to get used to her new life. The fate of poor Princess Hannа from the story by Orest Levytskyi was formed in a different manner. However, not at all because of the imperfection of the then social system, but solely because of her own frivolity and inability to execise her (tremendous) rights. But in “Aeneid” by Ivan Kotliarevskyi, where antique plots were whimsically intertwined with the signs of Cossack life, the remark: “Like a lady of certain sotnyk ...” became virtually the highest mark for one of the goddesses. As the expression goes, it speaks for itself, and the irony about the mention of the sotnyk will be completely inappropriate, given the trace that Bohdan Khmelnytskyi, the former Chygyryn sotnyk and subsequently a Hetman of Ukraine, left in the history of Ukrainian nationality! In the times of Cossacks, men have the opportunity to spend more or less long time with their families too rarely. But they went to a military campaign with peace of mind because from this moment their faithful wives took active roles in all matters – and not only household, but the domesticities too. And, say, not the eldest of their sons, but she herself took part, when necessary, in resolving property or other disputes, defended the interests of their families before the society, and even in court. Moreover, their wives could often ride horses with arms in hands to defend their native homes. Unfortunately, then-Muscovy have introduced serfdom in its most despotic form on intaken Ukrainian lands, combined with her absolutist system of government and public relations which immediately changed the state of Ukrainian women for the worst. And this applied not only to the impoverished and enslaved people, but also to the wealthy and influential sections of the then population. And subsequently Taras Shevchenko became the most sincere voice of a deeply tragic female fate ... Conclusions. Even when then Ukrainians were slowly forgetting about the previous rights and privileges of their women, undeniable documentary and literary evidence remained the mention of them, which in one way or another were connected with the times of Cossacks. So, Ukrainian women of those, already far from us times was not only faithful wives, caring mothers and teachers for their children, real Bereginias of the families, but also a self-sufficient persons, conscious in their place in the society.

Abstract:

The article investigates creative activity of one of the V. Avramenko’s well-known students, Galician choreographer O. Gerdan-Zaklynska in homeland and in emigration. It analyzes her contribution to the development of "expressive" dance in the first half of the 20th century within the specificity of Ukrainian choreographic art. The performing and pedagogical activity of the choreographer is considered in the context of the preservation and development of the national historical and cultural heritage. It is stated that the direction of creative and pedagogical activity of O. Gerdan-Zaklynska in emigration speaks of the desire not only to preserve individual spiritual values and achievements of Ukrainian dance culture, but also to popularize them and concurrently contribute to the synthesis of Ukrainian and foreign choreography. Synthesizing the best traditions of national art with the innovative experience of Western European choreography, O. Gerdan-Zaklynska presented a unique Galician style of performing modern dance at the global level. While searching for the originality and authenticity of Ukrainian folk-stage dance, she invented the so-called motor symbols that contributed to the formation of a new coding of dance.

Abstract:

The overall condition of the Polish railway infrastructure has been recently improved. The condition of railway infrastructure and the level of its technical equipment are reflected in the maximum train speeds allowed on particular sections of railway lines. The analysis covers the utilisation of the maximum line speed by the long-distance trains in Poland in the 2018/2019 timetable. The database has been prepared, covering start-to-stop runs of Express Intercity Premium (EIP) trains). The analysis shows that typical value of speed utilisation ratio for EIP trains operated with ED250 EMU is approximately 0.82-0.83. The correlation ratio between the average maximum line speed and the train commercial (startto-stop) speed is rather good. The data from the Polish railways have been compared with Ukrainian ones. The results of the research show clearly, that the selection of passenger rolling stock for particular route can have significant impact on its day-to-day operation.

Abstract:

The paper deals with the etymological analysis of the name of mythological character Царь Хан, from the text of a Ukrainian spell for snake bites. A number of signs encourages to think about, that we deal with the result of division and rethinking of the etymological form *Кантысар, the trace of which is found out in archaic Ukrainian vocabulary of burial ritual. Particularly, here the Lord of Graves, which charges payment with dead for a place under the ground, is mentioned. Further search of the etymological source of this word takes us up to the conclusion about reflection of Alanian *Kanti Sar «Lord of Graves» or «Lord of the Underworld» in the *Кантысар. With taking into account of word context and associated semiotics we can figure out in general terms semantics of character of the *Кантысар and place him on a par with other figures of Slavic demonology, also borrowed from the Iranian source. The adaptation of the stranger mythological figure to the charactersʼ system of Slavic mythology was possible due to functional affinity the *Кантысар to indigenous chthonic personages, identified with the *Кантысар. Сoncomitantly with etymology of the name Кантысар the genesis of an Ukrainian demonic name довгомýд ʻhalf-beast and half-manʼ is defined (< Alanian *dewaga-mand, *dewga-mand ʻobsessed with a daemonʼ).

Abstract:

Ukraine has chosen its way of development towards Europe, European values and respect for human dignity and human rights. The signing of the Association Agreement in 2014 obliged Ukraine to harmonize its legislation in priority spheres of life with the legislation of the European Union. But legislative approximation should touch not only upon the fields of public law, but private law too and, in particular, tort law. The main problem of tort law approximation is that there are no joint tort rules in the EU. All attempts to harmonize tort law stopped at the creation of acts of “soft law” – general non-binding rules and principles. One of the most significant examples is the PETL – the Principles of European Tort Law. The PETL show a modern understanding of torts, spell out the conditions of tort liability, as well as other relevant requirements. Ukrainian rules of tort law do provide protection of a victim’s violated rights, however some recommendations of the PETL, such as provisions governing the conditions of tort liability, the understanding of causation and fault should be taken into account when Ukrainian tort law is modernised.

Abstract:

Purpose: to analyze the impact of the use of digital technology in judging to correctly identify the winner in judo competitions. Material and methods. The following methods were used during the research: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature sources and data of the Internet, analysis of video recording, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: based on the recordings of 42 fights of the final block of the European Championship and the Ukrainian Junior Judo Championship on video hosting (You Tube), the analysis of the impact of video replays on the referee's decision was conducted to correctly identify the winner in the competition. In 22 bouts of the European Championship and in 24 bouts of the Ukrainian Championship, the referees made decisions that did not require revision or change. In the other 20 fights of the European Championship and in 18 fights of the Ukrainian Championship, video replays were used. A comparison of the average rates of fights in which digital replays were used or not used with the help of digital technologies showed a statistically significant difference in the performance of refereeing at the European Championship and the Ukrainian Judo Championship among juniors (<0,05). Since t (0,051) < tgr (1,98) the analysis of the refereeing of the European Championship and the Ukrainian Junior Judo Championship can be considered statistically significant. As a percentage of the total number of 42 fights, of which 20 fights – 47,6 % of international judges use video replays and 22 fights – 52,3 % of international judges did not use video replays. Analyzing the championship of Ukraine with a total of 42 fights, of which 18 fights – 42,8 % of judges use video replays and 24 fights – 57,1 % of judges did not use video replays. Conclusions. Analysis of existing digital technologies used in judo refereeing has revealed a set of programs that assist in the competition. The use of digital technologies provides an opportunity to improve the quality of refereeing at various ranks of the competition. The percentage of using video views and the percentage without video views at the European Championship and the Ukrainian Championship is almost the same. This speaks to the quality of judging at these events. This is because the refereeing of the final block allows more qualified judges who did not make mistakes during the refereeing or these mistakes were minimal. Keywords: judo, digital technologies, video replays, YouTube, European Championship, Ukrainian Championship, judges.

Abstract:

Contemporary art as a measure of social consciousness becomes a reference point for finding the boundary between the sacred and the anti-sacred, the aspect that acting as a mirror becomes a reflection of reality, and only at first glance, it speaks of identity but is not true in its essence. Through the semantic key of the symbols of mirroring and reflecting, in the knowledge of the true picture, from divine emptiness to holy fullness, a dialogue of contemporary Ukrainian artists with Kazimir Malevich is formed. The most powerful example of this dialogue is created in the works of Ukrainian classics Oleksandr Dubovyk, Oleksandr Roitburd, and Oleksandr Klymenko. On this path, artists are helped by the heritage of the Ukrainian ethnos, which harmoniously combines the memory of Trypillia culture, national symbols, traditions of icon painting, the school of Mykhailo Boychuk and much more. This article focuses on the sacred in the symbols of contemporary Ukrainian painting that absorbs the most characteristic signs, codes, and ciphers of the previous centuries, transferring spirituality into the 21st century. The transformation of religious symbols into contemporary ones, in consequence of building a discourse with mass culture, generates them into a new cultural code. The semantics of mass culture gives the visual material that forms the sacredness of the 21st century, which exists on the border of the material and the spiritual, as a reflection of the myth. The works of art by Nina Murashkina, Andriy Tsoy, and Mykyta Tsoy are a striking example of that. The sacred in which the mystery of real life is concentrated can endow thinking with a true, rather than an imaginary essence and provide a tool for solving the problem of individuality, freedom, and existence, which the new century is filled with.

Abstract:

Making studies of written sources relating to the diplomatic activities of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and particularly the Turkish-Ottoman written documents (manuscripts), is required to obtain new data, so as to confirm the fact of the interstate relations of the Ukrainian Cossack State with the Ottoman Empire to have been rising. Moreover, an important meaning of the Black-Sea vector of the foreign policy of the said Hetman was accounted forf by the needs for the Ukrainian people to get sure of a support in its liberation struggle against its enemies. There have been analysed the causes of strengthening the role of the above said trend in the foreign political activities of B. Khmelnytsky. By the way, this problem in due time was paid attention to in academic studies of such famous Ukrainian historians, as Mykhailo Hrushevsky, Omelian Pritsak and Yaroslav Dashkevych, who concentrated mainly in studying separate aspect of the diplomatic activities of the Cossack-Hetmanic Ukraine in regard of the Crimean Khanate and Higher Porte in the middle of the 17th century. For a more detailed consideration of the problem touched in the given study there are also of importance the data, we have obtained from the original chronical manuscript “An order-letter from the Turkish Sultan Mehmed IV to the Cossack Hetman B. Khmelnytsky” that is kept in Kamyanets-Podilsky State-owned Ukraine’s Historical Museum-Archive, and which was firstly involved in an academic circulation. In this letter the Hetman speaks of his devoted friendship with the Sultan and of his loyal servicing to the latter one.

Abstract:

Aim. The purpose of the work was to introduce into the aseptic culture two endemic and one common species of the Centaurea genus (C. breviceps, C. steveniana and C. stoebe) and to identify their ability to different types of morphogenesis. Methods. The methods of plant tissue and cell culture in vitro are used in this work. Seeds and parts of the seedlings derived from seeds were primary cultivating material. The nutritional medium of Murashige Skoog was used as a base. The seeds were sprouted according to Nikolaeva’s methods and their own modifications. Results. Seedlings C. breviceps, C. steveniana and C. stoebe were obtained. Ability to vegetative reproduction in vitro by cutting and forming non-morphogenic callus of C. breviceps plants have been shown. C. steveniana explants formed morphogenic callus and vegetative and generative shoots-regenerants from it, as well as they were able to the shoot direct regeneration (microcloning) from the segments of the stem. C. stoebe did not form the adventitious buds on stem explants, but revealed the ability to mass regeneration from leafy and petiolate explants. Conclusions. Morphogenesis in vitro of the various speces of Centaurea genus have both type and tissue specificity, and depends on explants. The investigated species are able to the following types of morphogenesis: forming of callus, direct and indirect regeneration of adventitious buds and shoots from them, forming of generative shoots.Keywords: Centaurea, rare endemic plants, in vitro morphogenesis.

Abstract:

Purpose. To determine the basic dynamic characteristics of a standard Ukrainian boxcar with the Y25 bogie by means of the mathematic modelling of dynamic loads in the vertical plane and to compare them with the dynamic characteristics obtained for a boxcar with the 18100 bogie. It can be used for substantiation of application of the Y25 bogie as more promising, which can improve the operational efficiency of rail transportation and foster integration of the Ukrainian transport system into the European transportation complex. Methodology. The authors used the mathematical modelling of a boxcar with the Y25 bogie. The research was made in the vertical plane. It was taken into account that an empty car passed over a joint irregularity. The research was made for an 11217boxcar as a predominant type to be used. The authors studied the motion of a car on the 18100 and Y25 bogies. The basic dynamic characteristics were determined for a boxcar with the nominal (design) dimensions of the carrying elements and a boxcar with the actual dimensions (after a long service life) on the basis of the field tests. The differential equations were solved by theRungeKutta method in MathCad software suite. The initial displacements and the speeds were taken equal to zero. The following dynamic characteristics of a boxcar were obtained: acceleration of the body in the center of mass, acceleration of the body in the areas of support on the bogies, forces in the spring suspension of the bogie, and dynamic coefficients of the bogies. Findings. The theoretical research showed that the basic dynamic characteristics of a boxcar with the nominal dimensions were improved by 3851% in comparison to a similar one with the 18100 bogie, and for a boxcar with the actual dimensions the dynamic characteristics were improved by 4350%. Originality. The authors substantiated the application of the Y25 bogie for a standard Ukrainian boxcar with the nominal and actual dimensions of the carrying elements by means of the mathematical modelling of the dynamic loads in the vertical plane. Practical value. Due to lower dynamic loads on the carrying structures of freight cars with the Y25 bogie, it is possible to improve the dynamic characteristics of the structures under the operational modes, to increase the fatigue strength and the operational resource, to decrease the total repair and maintenance costs, to ensure better security and reliability of freight transportation through lower loads on both carrying structures and lashing devices, to increase the speed of freight delivery thanks to better dynamic characteristics of cars, to improve the traffic security, and so on.

Abstract:

Ukrainian short-distance runners’ performances (men and women) at the Olympic Games and World Championships during the period of 1992 – 2019 have been analyzed. The dynamics of their results in 100-200m running was identified as well as the reasons for going behind world’s leading runners. Peculiarities of performing fairly precise movements at high speeds, specific character of showing speed in a sprint race and phases of acceleration and deceleration were characterized. This should be taken into consideration in the process of choosing major training exercises, improving speed abilities of athletes. The results of the Ukrainian sprinters show that the methodological component of the development of the speed quality used by the coaching staff was in the leading positions in Europe and in the world. The current level of training of Ukrainian short-distance runners leaves much to be desired for various reasons, one of which, in our opinion, is the main one - an increase in the unjustified intensification of short-distance runners training in the initial stages of the multi-year training process. This approach led to a decrease in normative results in sprint racing, as well as to the lack of purposeful methodological support and system of realization of accumulated knowledge on development and improvement of one of the basic physical abilities - quality of speed. At the present stage, this problem is a major one and requires a comprehensive study and training of the coaching staff to develop a better organization of the training process in sprint racing. These characteristics of sprint running give us the opportunity, on the one hand, to correctly evaluate the prospective indicators of the sprinter body (total body length, legs, their ratio, type of nervous system, etc.), and on the other - with high accuracy of adequacy to select the main training tools and methods of their application. that will improve the quality of speed and, as a consequence, increase the speed of running.

Abstract:

A detailed comparative analysis of the velocity characteristics of the Earth's crust of the Korosten pluton, Volyn and Chopovitsky massifs of the basic rocks of the Volyn megablock of the Ukrainian Shield was carried out. In the interval of depths of 3–13 km in the Earth's crust of the Korosten pluton, five sections are fixed, where the speed on a short interval first decreases with depth, then, on the contrary, increases. This is due to the presence in the section of a series of layers composed of rocks with reduced or elevated speeds, which alternate with increasing depth. Such changes in velocity are considered to be the results of alternation of rocks of the basic and acidic composition. With depth, the rate of increase in velocity (vertical velocity gradient), which characterizes the features of rooting into the crust of an intrusion with increased basicity, significantly decreases. These features lie in the fact that the molten masses coming from the upper mantle were concentrated mainly in the upper and middle parts of the Earth's crust. The distinction between the features of the speed characteristics of the Earth's crust of the Volynsky and Chopovitsky massifs of the main rocks is revealed. The velocity characteristics of the compared structures reflect the characteristics of the rooting of igneous melts of the basic composition into the Earth's crust. Despite the territorial proximity of the massifs, the nature of the rooting of the melts between them is significantly different. For example, abrupt changes in velocity in the depth interval of 0–12 km of the Volynsky massif can be attributed to the presence of, at least, 10 layers of rocks, predominantly of acidic and basic composition, which alternate each other. It should be emphasized that at depths of 8–12 km maximum speeds (up to 0.17–0.18 km/s) between individual layers are observed. In the same depth interval in the Chopovitsky massif, only 5 layers stand out with a maximum differential velocity of 0.18 km/s.

Abstract:

The need to write this article is due to the linguistic situation, that has developed, in particular, in Ukraine, when, as a result of the activation of migration processes, the object of forensic research is increasingly becoming speech with foreign language elements. Based on this, an acute problem arises of developing methodological approaches to the forensic study of speech material with signs of interlingual interference, its distinction from common speech using foreign language elements (pidgin in Ukrainian realities), and, if necessary, the appearance of signs of imitation of speech in a non-native language. The article deals with the universal basic criteria for establishing signs of interlingual interference: consistency, complexity, predictability, stability of their manifestation, which makes it possible to distinguish them from signs of speech in the native language, and, no less important, from signs of pidgin or imitation, which do not have the above properties. The possibilities of obtaining useful information in the process of studying speech with signs of interlingual interference are also analyzed, which concerns, in particular: 1) establishing whether the speaker is a native speaker of the language in which he speaks; 2) establishing the native language of the speaker (provided that the expert is fluent in this language); 3) establishing whether the participants in the polylogue or dialogue are speakers of one or different languages; 4) conducting an identification study of speech in a non-native language of two speakers of the same language, etc. Proceeding from the fact that interlingual interference is, in fact, a complex feature that can be unambiguously established only if its manifestations are recorded at different linguistic levels, the article discusses possible forms of its implementation in phonetic, prosodic, morphological, lexical, syntactic, ethnolinguistic levels. As specific examples of a comprehensive study of the signs of interlanguage interference, the article sets out the systems of the main signs of interlanguage interference that can be recorded in the speech in Russian of the native speakers of the Ukrainian language and in the speech in the Ukrainian language of the native speakers of the Russian language.

Abstract:

The scientific development of the term «action» has been investigated and its clarified definition has been suggested in the article. The genre features of Y. Smolych's novel which allow to classify this work as the first Ukrainian action have been analyzed: the protagonist performs an important mission, his doings include, first of all, fleeing, chasing, hiding, searching and stealing; there is a strict time limit that forces the characters to be extremely active. Because of accentuation of the action plan, the protagonist's character is the most schematic and devoid of personality, which in general was a trait of both western and action, which developed primarily as genres of silent cinema, when scripts were created under specific actors. It has been emphasized that the Superman features are clearly showed in the protagonist's character – he drives a motorcycle, an airplane, speaks European languages, knows radio technologies and secret encryption, but in the novel, there is no mention of his physical strength, he does not enter into any fight. The fact that the novel describes exactly the moments of active action of the characters creates a sense of special time density of events, which is a traditional genre-defining trait of the action. The events of the novel resemble modern American movies: heroes seize cars, armed with browning and masked break into the recording studio in search of a microphone, later capture ATS and close the tied security guard in the restroom, etc. In accordance with the action's aesthetics, the development of events in the novel by Y. Smolych is constantly complicated, the hero has to overcome incredible obstacles, the cliffhanger is used repeatedly. It has been pointed out that via the novel «The Last Edgewood» Y. Smolych introduces into Ukrainian literature the new topos – the subway tunnels. It has been emphasized that in the peripeteia built by Y. Smolych (it is impossible to kill the enemy simply, but it can be overcome by finding his vulnerable place) the archetypal plot is viewed clearly, which is traced in the tale about Koshchiy the Immortal. It has been stated that taking into account the time of the creation of the novel (1925) and the evolution of action as a genre of cinema, Y. Smolych could not adhere to the genre's canon, because it had not existed yet, so the writer independently developed artistic techniques that are now considered canonical for the genre mentioned.

Abstract:

Purpose. To consider the problems of the tourism market in modern conditions, the crown of the viral period, with an emphasis on adapting the mechanism of tourist services, restructuring consciousness and looking for ways to optimize the implementation of new approaches in the practical work of travel agencies and higher educational institutions that train specialists in the tourism industry. Methodology. Analytical, statistical, comparative-geographical and synthetic methods were used. Results. The main conceptual issues on the problems of the existence of the tourist sphere of Ukraine during the corona of the virus were voiced at the remote scientific and practical conference "Ukrainian tourism in the conditions of the corona and post corona of the viral period: anti-crisis scenarios, international experience, best practices", which was organized with the assistance of the department Geography of Ukraine and the Department of Regional Studies and Tourism of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, to which experts-practitioners of the tourism industry, representatives of state institutions related to tourism, teachers of universities in the city of Kiev and Ukraine were invited. Scientific novelty. As part of the modern life of mankind, corrected by the latest outbreak of the global pandemic COVID-19, a number of problems of economic, political, social, economic, educational and general human nature have arisen, the solution of which requires a significant rethinking of the existing situation in society and the provision of proposals for a new format for future life humanity and, in particular, in Ukraine. Taking into account the peculiarities of tourism development in each individual country, the priority planned actions should be the development and implementation of the "Roadmap for Tourism Development in Ukraine", which will spell out the main provisions for the practical implementation of the program during the corona virus and the stage of exit from the post-coronavirus period. The article analyzes the international experience in the implementation of such programs, evaluates the factual material concerning the introduction of the "Road Map" in the conditions of the Ukrainian tourist market. Practical significance. The article raises difficult issues related to the realities of modern life of people within the framework of the tourism sector of Ukraine, with its problems, challenges and practical solutions. The publication materials can be used in the educational process in higher educational institutions that train specialists for the Ukrainian tourism industry, the practical activities of travel operators and agencies, in the process of work of departments and professional institutions, relate to the tourism system of providing services or the processes of studying the production of innovative technologies in tourism sphere of Ukraine.

Abstract:

The article presents the developed artificial neural network for F2 ionosphere layer traces scaling on ionograms obtained using the IPS-42 ionosonde installed at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station. The parameters of the IPS-42 ionosonde and the features of the data obtained with it, in particular the format of the output files, are presented. The advantages of using an artificial neural network for identification of traces on ionograms are demonstrated. Usually, an automatic scaling of the ionograms requires a lot of machine time however implementation of an artificial neural network speeds up computations significantly allowing to process incoming ionograms even in the real time mode. The choice of architecture of an artificial neural network is substantiated. The U-Net architecture was chosen. The method of creating and training the neural network is described. The artificial neural network development process included choosing the number of layers, types of activation functions, optimization method and input layer size. Software developed was written in Python programming language with use of the Keras library. Examples of data used for training of the artificial neural network are shown. The results of testing an artificial neural network are presented. The data obtained with the artificial neural network are compared with the results of manual processing of ionograms. Data for training the artificial neural network were obtained in March, 2017 using the IPS-42 ionosonde installed at the Ukrainian Antarctic Akademik Vernadsky station; data for testing were obtained in 2017 and 2020. The developed artificial neural network has minor flaws but they are easily eliminated by retraining the network on a more representative dataset (obtained in various years and seasons). The general results of testing indicate good prospects in further developing this artificial neural network and software for working with it.

Abstract:

The article covers the issue of specific breaches of international law provisions owed to Ukraine by Russia. The article also examines problems in the application of international law by Russia. In the course of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the former is carrying out the military occupation of the Crimean peninsula and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions and prosecutes Ukrainian citizens (Nadiya Savchenko, Oleh Sentsov, Oleksandr Kolchenko, Hennadii Afanasyev, Yurii Soloshenko and others) in violation of international law. Both Russian executives and doctrine attempt to substantiate the cases against Ukrainian citizens, however, their arguments suffer both legal and factual problems. An illustrative in this regard is Savchenko’s case, which has become important Russian propaganda tool to help reinforce the accusations of the “atrocities committed by the Kyiv junta”. The analyses shows that Savchenko case could have been used to complete different tasks – starting from lifting the sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation and finishing with increasing the number of Russian volunteers in the war against Ukraine. Also, Russia has prosecuted Oleh Sentsov who has been charged with creating a terrorist group and committing two acts of terrorism. One of the most untenable legal arguments of the Russian Federation is a qualification of the aggression as a non-international armed conflict. In this regard, Russian authorities and doctrine insist on Russia’s not being bound or entitled to apply the rules of international armed conflicts laid down in the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (III) to Savchenko. At the same time, a considerable amount of data speaks for an aggressive war the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation launched against Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The Russian Federation has also grossly violated the norms of international humanitarian law and international human rights law.

Abstract:

The article covers the issue of specific breaches of international law provisions owed to Ukraine by Russia. The article also examines problems in the application of international law by Russia. In the course of the Russian aggression against Ukraine, the former is carrying out the military occupation of the Crimean peninsula and parts of Donetsk and Luhansk regions and prosecutes Ukrainian citizens (Nadiya Savchenko, Oleh Sentsov, Oleksandr Kolchenko, Hennadii Afanasyev, Yurii Soloshenko and others) in violation of international law. Both Russian executives and doctrine attempt to substantiate the cases against Ukrainian citizens, however, their arguments suffer both legal and factual problems. An illustrative in this regard is Savchenko’s case, which has become important Russian propaganda tool to help reinforce the accusations of the “atrocities committed by the Kyiv junta”. The analyses shows that Savchenko case could have been used to complete different tasks – starting from lifting the sanctions imposed against the Russian Federation and finishing with increasing the number of Russian volunteers in the war against Ukraine. Also, Russia has prosecuted Oleh Sentsov who has been charged with creating a terrorist group and committing two acts of terrorism. One of the most untenable legal arguments of the Russian Federation is a qualification of the aggression as a non-international armed conflict. In this regard, Russian authorities and doctrine insist on Russia’s not being bound or entitled to apply the rules of international armed conflicts laid down in the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War (III) to Savchenko. At the same time, a considerable amount of data speaks for an aggressive war the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation launched against Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The Russian Federation has also grossly violated the norms of international humanitarian law and international human rights law.

Abstract:

Below, suggested thoughts were expressed by me when I just learned about an irreparable event - the departure from the earthly existence of pastor Peter Konstantinovich Martyanov. Since then, it's hard to imagine now, two years. Time spell is inexorable. But there is a higher flow of time. It is human honor and memory. The good deeds of man live uncountably for a long time as an embodiment of the memory of her. And a man lives as much as he will remember about his good deeds. So - everyone chooses in his earthly existence his own way. The Path of eternal Remembrance of your own good deeds, or the unlucky darkness of your own evil deeds. Peter Konstantinovich always served God, and hence - people. Therefore, he will be remembered with respect and remembered by a good word and after leaving the earthly life. Therefore, on the deadline of September 7, the religious scholars of Ukraine, with whom he worked fruitfully to establish tolerance in interfaith relations in the Odessa region, was to be honored, to honor the light of the memory of the man who did so much for the establishment of Ukrainian unbiased religious studies, who was not afraid to be righteous and sincere then When it was not easy, who was not afraid, as Vasyl Stus once articulated, to be "self-fulfilling".

Abstract:

The article focuses on the coincidences in V. Stus’s and O. Mandelstam’s biographies and notes the psychological and typological similarities of their personalities as well as their fascination with the German language and natural sciences (biology, chemistry). Both writers’ literary interests were alike, they were especially focused on the works of such Russian authors as A. Pushkin, A. Herzen, A. Blok, B. Pasternak, N. Gumilyov, M. Lermontov, F. Tyutchev, and others). Among world classical writers, Stus loved the works of J. W. von Goethe most of all, and Mandelstam admired the works by Dante Alighieri. The paper also deals with Stus’s translations from R. M. Rilke and Mandelstam’s translations from F. Petrarca. The critical activity of Stus and Mandelstam is also mentioned, in particular, O. Mandelstam’s essay “Conversation about Dante” and V. Stus’s paper about P. Tychyna “Phenomenon of the Age (Ascension on Calvary of Glory)”. Stus’s letters and manuscripts reveal his attitude to the works of O. Mandelstam, whose poetry appeared in Stus’s life at crucial points. Stus referred to it during his imprisonment in the Soviet camps and tried to understand the problem of “poet and power”. A comparative analysis of the fragments from Mandelstam’s poems, cited in the works by the Ukrainian poet, and the original texts written by Mandelstam revealed сertain deviations. Stus used repetitions instead of the ‘forgotten’ words, which is a general characteristic of his own poetics. At the textual level, the poems of Stus and Mandelstam are future-oriented. It can be observed in the appeals to the reader used by each of them in a specific way: the Ukrainian poet speaks as a ‘son’, while the Russian one as a ‘teacher’, echoing the practice of Pushkin. Both poets loved their homelands very much and were attached to it; both of them could not imagine their life outside the motherland. In their texts, Mandelstam and Stus created the images of a dead city, a prison state, emphasizing the impossibility of the poet’s existence in his own country.

Abstract:

The development of national historical science attracts the attention of modern researchers as the study of “roots” allows to understand the current state of affairs in historical science. The study of individual corporations of historians in the areas of their research gives the opportunity to trace the internal state of things in national and world historical science. These studies can be carried due to the involvement and synthesis of a wide range of sources. The study of the corporation of Ukrainian Soviet historians opens additional perspectives to the researcher in expanding the source base. Namely, to promote the creation of new sources - memories. This publication presents the memoirs of the workshop of Dnipropetrovsk vsesvitnyks of the Ukrainian-American historian Serhii Plohii. In the Dnipropetrovsk period of life, the historian was part of it and headed it for some time. Memoirs that are introduced to the scientific circulation are written by the author from several perspectives: the student and the employee, and the third, the autobiographical, which goes through these two perspectives. Serhii Plokhii explains, from the perspective of the student, why he had chosen the department of world history to specialize in, characterizes the relations with his research supervisor Yuriy Mytsyk, and defines how his scientific carrier was influenced by Yakiv Rubin, the head of the department of world history in 1940-1950s. S. Plokhii characterizes the lecturers of the department, particularly the professor Vasyl` Syrotenko. From the perspective of the colleague, Plokhii describes the relations within the scientific community of the department, especially between different generations of lecturers. He characterizes his scientific interests and experience of being lecturer and administrator. Plokhii describes how the new research trend of the department of world history – history of the German Diaspora – emerged, and speaks about the start of PhD research in this field. Plokhii also defined the reasons why he had to abandon the Dnipropetrovsk University and started the academic career abroad.

Abstract:

Background. The article is a step towards a modern comprehension of the creative heritage by M. Karminskyi, whose work in the second half of the 20 century contributed to the development and international fame of Ukrainian music. Analysis of scientific publications (Heivandova, K., 1981; Ivanova, Yu., 2001; Kushchova, E., 2004 etc.), memoirs (Hanzburg, G., 2000) and a huge array of periodicals devoted to the composer allows us to single out the characteristic features of his creative personality, which determine the originality of his talent as a composer, explaining the constant demand for his music and its successful functioning in the pedagogical process, in particular, in children’s music schools. The purpose and objectives of this study – to consider the artistic and aesthetic orientation of the creative heritage by M. Karminskyi and identify its distinctive features, focusing on the genre and style aspect of his works for children and youth and their methodological significance in pedagogical practice. Research methods are based on general scientific principles of systematization and generalization. The most important role was played by the interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of the composer’s creative heritage from the standpoint not only of musicology, but also of history, culturology, and pedagogy. For reflecting the spiritual atmosphere, where the composer’s talent was formed, the historicalbiographical approach was of great importance. Research results. The way of formation of M. Karminskyi’s individuality, development of his innate musical inclinations to successful realization of talent is crowned with creation of compositions of various genres, both largescale – partitas, operas, music to performances, and chamber – vocal-choral and instrumental miniatures, among which the piano music for children and youth audiences appealed to the style of Ukrainian folklore occupies a significant place. Ukrainian literature, in particular, works by Taras Shevchenko, Lesia Ukrainka, and Ivan Franko, which were carefully studied by M. V. Karminskyi as a student of the Faculty of Journalism at V. N. Karazin Kharkiv State University, had a significant influence on the formation of the composer’s worldview and aesthetic priorities. Probably, it was the love for literature that determined the programmatic narrative nature of M. Karminskyi’s compositions. However, the love for music itself prevailed: M. Karminskyi continued his studies at the Kharkiv Conservatory in the class of Professor D. Klebanov possessed in perfection by the musical artistic heritage and was able to transfer creatively this knowledge to students. M. Karminskyi’s later applied the skills acquired from him in his work. In those years, the Kharkiv School of Composition stood out among other music unions of Ukraine with a high level of creative competence: composers sought their own way and artistic individuality, creating a modern musical language. However, even in this highly educated environment, the personal potential of Mark Veniaminovich, his highly artistic taste and erudition rose. Mark Veniaminovich is sometimes called “the knight of the country of childhood” thanks to his brilliant compositions for children. The composer speaks to the children’s audience with the help of intonations and artistic techniques available to the child’s worldview, but he does not adapt to the child, but teaches him to develop thinking, show strong emotions. Pupils like program music with interesting content that evokes familiar associations, specific ideas. Therefore, in many of his works M. Karminskyi turns to the literary basis, clear concrete and dynamic images, heightened emotionality (“Steppe, steppe...”, “Autumn Day”, “Lyrical intermezzo”, etc.). Such approach motivates children not to perform works abstractly and mechanically, but to bring their own emotions and understandings into them. M. Karminskyi uses clear three-part or couplet forms that contain repetition (the plays “Favorite Tale”, “Ancient History”, “Merry Trumpeter”, etc.), he is characterized by conciseness of melodic phrases. The texture is convenient for children’s hands: parallel intervals, counterpointing voices, organ points of the lower voice, melodic figurations and harmonic degrees sustained in the middle line, register dynamics are used. These and other techniques promote students’ technical capabilities by developing mobility and finger strength. Continuing the traditions of the Ukrainian singing school, M. Karminskyi pays a lot of attention to the techniques of cantilena performance, forcing students to master the art of playing the pedal, which requires careful sound control. Piano ensembles, unique in their poetic beauty, were created by the composer at the end of his not too long life. These plays use themes from the music to the play “Robin Hood”, and the musical images of the pieces are extremely clear even in the names: “Old Grandfather Kohl”, “Lady Tambourine”, “Road to the Temple”, “Crazy Waltz”. M. Karminskyi, feeling a passionate interest in theatrical action with its playful moments and the task of embodying specific images, created music for performances. The radio production “Robin Hood” with the participation of the country’s leading artists, based on the poems of the famous Scottish poet R. Burns translated by S. Marshak and imbued with romantic sublimity, lyricism and sincerity, received a special resonance; it contains expressive melodies that are quickly memorized. In 1978, the company “Melody” released a stereo disc “Robin Hood” with a recording of this radio show. The variety of artistic tasks of the ensemble music of M. Kaminskyi leads to the formation of a variety of pianistic skills. The predominance of playful, moving images in plays develops motor technic and synchronization in performing. The meter and the rhythm of the works are complicated using the measures 6/8, 9/8 or size change in one work: 2/4; 3/4; again 2/4; then 4/4. This technique allows you to transmit movement and free breath of a musical phrase. Karminskyi actively uses chords from fourths and fifths intervals characterized the repertoire of Ukrainian bandura players. Conclusions. The composer gave the children a lot of strength and inspiration, creating music for them in accordance with high moral and ethical criteria and filled with vivid emotions, theatricality, and visible concrete imagery. Miniatures for the children’s choir, the master’s piano pieces have a high spiritual meaning and are among the best achievements of Ukrainian children’s musical literature. The piano music of M. Karminskyi is marked by a tendency to search for a new national style: the composer does not quote folk melodies, creating original musical images in the spirit of folklore. The multi-genre works of M. Karminskyi embody the eternal themes of good and evil, love and death, betrayal and fidelity with the emotional strength inherent in his music, demonstrating the composer’s deep erudition and human decency, originality, uniqueness of his personality and his talent.

Abstract:

Today scientific base of technologies of capsulated products by methods of ionotropic structuring allows to create a new segment of food industry of the Ukrainian food market. Implementation of such innovations creates preconditions for developing principles of food raw materials processing, constructing the new equipment and successful competition at the world food market. The article studies the influence of agar and low-etherified pectin in the composition of capsules, based on gel Alg2Са on the mass-transfer of substances at the expanse of thermotropic gelation. Obtained results testify to the possibility to create systems with different permeability for high- and low-molecular substances on this base. Studied systems are characterized with different speeds of releasing active substances that may be used for providing their prolonged effect on the human organism. Modification of alginate-calcium tunics of capsules with the internal fatty raw material content by using the method of mixed gelation allows to correct structural-mechanical and, as a result, organoleptic and quality parameters of capsulated products. Determination of the active acidity influence on texture parameters allows to correct a speed and regulations of releasing internal contents in zones of the gastrointestinal tract at homeostasis that allows to control physiological ability of innovative products.

Abstract:

The article deals with the work of Panteleimon Kulish (1819–1897) as a literary critic. Here is analyzed his article about Hryhoriy Kvitka-Osnovianenko, which was published in 1858 in St. Petersburg in a separate brochure. It has been found out that consideration of the writer’s creativity in the historical and world context, conclusion of generalizations, clarification of the most characteristic aesthetic features of the analyzed works, view on creativity through the author’s biography, journalism, emotionality, argumentation are characteristic for style of Kulish as a literary critic. At the beginning of the article, Kulish talks about the place and role of literature in society. He draws attention to the development and level of literature in the context of the historical development of the state. He gives examples from different literatures and concludes that the development of culture does not always go hand in hand with the development of the state. The author says that the opposite is the case: the decline of a state or kingdom is observed, and at the same time, literature, culture is developing. P. Kulish gives examples from Czech, Polish literature. These facts are important to him because he sees the same in Ukrainian literature. Kulish speaks about literature as a national spirit living in the artistic word. He emphasizes that literature is the key to being a nation. Analyzing the work of H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, P. Kulish draws attention to the language of works as the main factor of the text, because of which language appears as a representation of the national spirit, as a guarantee of prosperity of the people. He emphasizes that through literature the people manifest their mission of philanthropy. The works of H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko, writes P. Kulish, have appeared during difficult years, and show national spirit, they are organic with time requirements. The author briefly describes the biography of H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko. The journalistic style is characteristic of him. P. Kulish explains where H. Kvitka got his knowledge of the Ukrainian language, why he was so respectful to religion, which later became one of the central themes in his work. In analyzing H. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko’s stories, P. Kulish emphasizes moral and ethical aspects. According to one article by Panteleimon Kulish, we see that he is an interesting critic. His text contains a lot of information, generalizations, reveals typical in the history of peoples and cultures.

Abstract:

Citizenship and civic responsibility have played a significant role in the research of thinkers from ancient times to the present day. The formation of concepts is associated with the formation of states, changes in political regimes and the intensification of state-building processes, the creation of a democratic system and legislation. The period of New History is rich in historical events that influenced philosophical, legal, pedagogical thought. The content that world and Ukrainian thinkers saw in citizenship speaks of the importance of educating citizenship, civic responsibility, and the spread of civic education among the population. Progressive ideas of J.-Zh. Rousseau, S.-L. Montesquieu, D. Diderot, I. Kant, G. Skovoroda, M. Kostomarov, M. Drahomanov are still relevant today, should be the basis for the preservation, education and development of civic values of the nation. The article analyzes the evolution of the concept of "citizenship" in the works of philosophers of Ukraine and the world. The importance of education for a modern person is shown. Citizenship was an honorary status that strengthened a person's connection with a certain country, city, territory. Citizenship itself was a guarantee of human rights and freedoms. The analysis of the studied literature proves the growing interest of scientists in civil liability. Thus, in the modern educational space it is absolutely expedient to implement a cross-cutting content line that will help improve the legal culture of the population. The concept of the New Ukrainian School makes one of the priorities the formation of an active conscious citizen. We consider it expedient to develop civic responsibility of youth in the conditions of development of profile education. Vzayemovidnosyny mizh riznymy prosharkamy, rehulyuvannya mekhanizmiv upravlinnya derzhavoyu zadlya zadovolennya potreb suspilʹstva staye osnovnoyu metoyu i zmistom isnuvannya lyudyny Novoho chasu. Osobystistʹ zobovʺyazana (na dumku znachnoyi kilʹkosti myslyteliv) pryslukhatysya, a ne pokladatysya na Boha. Lyudyna – tse osobystistʹ, a znachytʹ vona – osoblyva lanka v zhytti derzhavy, yaka maye vnesty sviy neotsinennyy vklad v rozvytok nauky, mystetstva, osvity, formuvannya hromadyansʹkykh tsinnostey. Osobystistʹ zhe, rozvyvayuchysʹ, usvidomlyuye sebe hromadyanynom, chastynoyu derzhavy, vazhlyvym hvyntykom u mekhanizmi vzayemodiyi sotsiumu. Lyudyna pochynaye usvidomlyuvaty svoyu znachushchistʹ u sviti, shcho same vona zdatna dosyahty pevnykh zrushenʹ zarady vlasnoho dobrobutu, vlasnoyi rodyny i derzhavy. Ne slid zabuvaty takozh, shcho same v Novu dobu vidbuvayetʹsya formuvannya bilʹshosti yevropeysʹkykh derzhav y poshyrennya predstavnytsʹkykh orhaniv vlady – parlamentu. Tsi protsesy zbihayutʹsya v chasi z natsionalʹno-kulʹturnym vidrodzhennyam ta derzhavotvorchymy protsesamy na ukrayinsʹkykh zemlyakh. Vidpovidno mozhemo vidznachaty identyfikatsiyu sebe lyudynoyu, ne lyshe yak osobystosti, a yak hromadyanyna, shcho ne prosto mozhe, a povynen vtruchatysya u hromadsʹki y politychni protsesy. Z ohlyadu na vyshcheskazane, slid aktsentuvaty uvahu na neobkhidnosti podalʹshoho doslidzhennya evolyutsiyi ponyatʹ «hromadyanstvo» ta «hromadyansʹka vidpovidalʹnistʹ». Vbachayemo za neobkhidne formuvannya hromadyansʹkoyi vidpovidalʹnosti u starshoklasnykiv, realizatsiyi naskriznoyi zmistovnoyi liniyi «hromadyansʹka vidpovidalʹnistʹ» v osvitnʹomu protsesi yak neobkhidnoyi umovy stanovlennya demokratychnoyi natsiyi.

Abstract:

Władysław Ząbek was born and raised in France, in Pas-de-Calais department, as a child of Polish emigrants who had come to France looking for work. After the Second World War he returned to Wałbrzych in Poland together with his parents, where he still lives. Władysław Ząbek describes mostly his daily life in a mining town in the north of France, dominated by Polish immigrants, he speaks about a Polish school, friendly relationships and the lifestyle of Poles in France. A significant part of the account is dedicated to the years of war and Nazi occupation of France. The next stage of Władysław Ząbek’s life was his return to Poland, to post-war Lower Silesia, which at that time was a national and religious melting-pot. The account shows the difficult beginnings of life in the unknown homeland, issues of Wałbrzych’s reconstruction after the war, the housing situation but also about the habits of re-emigrants from France, who constituted a distinct group in the post-war Wałbrzych and the region. Another important fact in Ząbek’s account is the time of studies in Donieck in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic which he started following the advice of the headmaster of his secondary school. During his studies, Władysław participated in the Fifth World Festival of Youth and Students in Warsaw (1955) as a French interpreter. It was one of many significant events connected with his contact with France and the French language after his return to Poland proving that the childhood and teenage years spent in France had an impact on his life.

Abstract:

Ivan Franko’s publications on slavic issues in “Kurier Lwowski” The article deals with the series of texts by Ivan Franko on the subject of panslavism, or more specifically the Slavic question, published in 1888 in the several issues of “Kurier Lwowski”. Franko presents his understanding of the contemporary political situation and speaks about panslavism in this context, relating the trend to “the flashes of the national feelings” of the Slavs. Penetrating the essence of the movement, the writer and publicist emphasizes the presence of two different currents in it: centralism (Muscovite) and federalism. The Ukrainian writer is sympathetic to the latter that provides for the opportunity of uniting the Slavic tribes in order to defend their common interests and includes the principle of mutual respect and preservation of each national unit’s traditions. The writer supports his position with such authorities as Mykola Kostomarov, Mykailo Drahomanov, and others. Franko writes a lot about the role of the Slavophile Brotherhood of Cyril and Methodius, founded by Kostomarov, and similarity of its program to the posterior Drahomanov’s one. Following the thoughts of historians, Franko emphasizes that Slavic peoples feel the need for “arranging the mutual relationship” because they share common interests. The most important issue for the Slavs, according to the writer and journalist, is the freedom of every nation, now limited, in particular by “tsarist despotism”. “The Slavs can create power — not dangerous to the world, because there is no need in threatening anyone, but sufficient to secure each national individuality and the greatest freedom of national and cultural development”, writes the author of the series. Franko dedicates the final series of texts to the Slovaks and the Czechs.

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The results and achievements of the main schools and directions of naratology indicate the need to reread both well-known and recondite texts in order to spell out the meanings. We believe that the narrative analysis of prose by Victor Domontovich (the Ukrainian intellectual writer) is interesting and relevant. The article attempts to characterize the manifestations of the bias of an unreliable narato in the novel “Doctor Seraficus” based on the A. Nyuninga’s cognitive approach. A modern German researcher provides a set of tools that can supplemented for a multidimensional consideration of all ambiguities and contradictions in the text. An intelligent game that unfolds in the text manifests itself at different levels. V. Domontovych conducts the biggest game, the game with meaning through the pending authority of unreliable presenter. The text of the novel consists of abstract reflections, notes, dreams, illusions, fantasies, dreams and retrospective journeys. The main law of the text is the game. Irony and contradictions in the narrator’s words encourage the reader to feel dissonance, uncertainty. Therefore, in a narrative analysis, attention is focused on the speaker and who sees (the focal point). It was investigated that the artist Corvin is the narrator of the novel “Doctor Serafikus”, he tries to give as much as possible objectively the personal story. The motives for the unreliability narration based on the personal interest and bias of the character are determined. We identified the main symptoms of the unreliability of the narrator in the work, and the different levels at which the corresponding narrative is expressed, are highlighted. It is established that an unreliable narrative forces distancing itself from a narrator and takes everything that has been said with caution and detachment. Detailed narrative analysis of the work sheds light on the meanings, which for some reason masked, and allows you to establish artistic functions of an unreliable narrator. We believe that understanding this phenomenon makes it possible to make a comprehensive analysis of artistic text.

Abstract:

The current state of transit of natural gas through the Ukrainian gas transmission system (GTS) is estimated in the paper. The prerequisites for further reduction of the GTS load in the coming years are considered, in particular in the direction of Europe through the gas measuring station "Orlivka" (south direction), taking into account the construction of alternative bypass gas pipelines. On the basis of the review of literature sources on the problem of efficient operation of gas pipelines under conditions of underloading, a method for determining the capacity and energy consumption of the gas pipeline for a given combination of working gas pumping units (GPU) was developed. The Ananyev-Tiraspol-Izmail gas pipeline at Tarutino-Orlivka section was selected as the object of research. The methodology includes the calculation of the physical properties of gas by its composition, the calculation of gas compression, the calculation of the linear part, the gas flow to the compressor station's own needs, and the calculation of the total power of the gas-pumping units under the specified technological limitations. With the help of the original software developed in the MATLAB programming language, cyclical multivariate calculations of the capacity and energy consumption of the gas pipeline were carried out and the operating modes of the compressor shop were optimized in the load range from 23 ... 60 million m3/day. Optimization criterion is the minimum total capacity of the GPU. Variable parameters at the same time are the speeds of the superchargers, different combination of working GPU, load factor. According to the results of the optimization graphical dependences were constructed: the optimum frequency of the rotor of the supercharger on the performance of the pipeline; changes in power and pressure depending on the performance of the pipeline when operating a different combination of superchargers. Recommendations have been developed to minimize fuel gas costs at the compressor station.

Abstract:

The following article deals with the formation and perspectives of the concept of Greater Europe from Lisbon to Vladivostok, and the difficulties in the way of its realization. The author speaks about close historical and cultural ties connecting Russia and Europe, outward and mental resemblance of the peoples of Europe, including Russians.For the first time the theory of Greater Europe was considered in the works of geopoliticians of the beginning and the middle of the twentieth century. It is reflected in the plans to form a pan-European union, drawn by Charles De Gaulle and Michail Gorbachev. Analyzing the statements of modern Russian and European politicians one may come to the conclusion that both parties are mutually interested in the realization of the concept of Greater Europe. However, according to actual evidence, neither Russia, nor the European Union takes any decisive steps in getting closer. The article focuses on serious contradictions between Russia and the European Union on the basic principles underlying Greater Europe. The opposing views refer to the problems of equality in the sphere of strategic partnership, the energy dialogue and the construction of the post-Soviet territory. The author lays stress on the phenomenon of «integrations collision». The article also deals with the destabilizing role of the USA and some European states which actively promote the initiative of the «Eastern partnership». The Ukrainian crisis has become a major strength test in the relations between Russia and the European Union, which resulted in a vast credibility gap, the «war of sanctions», the disruption of business and political ties. Notwithstanding the complexity of the situation, calls for tightening up the connections between the European and Eurasian integration projects are becoming louder. This gives us hope that both parties will not only be able to keep historical ties, but also take steps in creating a common area from Lisbon to Vladivostok.

Abstract:

Abstract. Problem. World experience shows that high operational performance of road coverings in the conditions of intensive traffic with high speeds of motor transport and sharp braking are provided by introduction of cement concrete. One of the effective solutions for the construction of high-quality, dura-ble, economical pavements is the use of roller-compacted concrete - a no slump concrete with low water-cement ratio, that is placed by an asphalt pav-er similar to asphalt pavement construction. The design of quality mixtures of roller-compacted con-crete is based on performance, construction require-ments and economic efficiency. Goal. The purpose of the work is design the compositions of roller com-pacted concrete and investigation of their strength. Methodology. Roller compacted concrete samples were tested for compressive strength and tensile bending in accordance with DSTU B B.2.7-214:2009. Results. The four variants of mixtures are designed to select the optimal composition of roller compacted cement concrete. The first of one is based on the particle size distribution of aggregate grains in ac-cordance with DSTU B B.2.7-127:2015, the second variant shows the composition of normal-weight cement concrete class C25/30, the third variant is characterized by increased sand fraction and in the fourth composition fine fractions replaced with sand. Road rolled concrete С32/40 Bb b5.2 is designed. Originality. Roller compacted cement concrete for effective road construction technologies is designed, which allows to perform the installation of high per-formance cement-concrete pavement with the use of asphalt pavers and rollers and the possibility of rap-id commissioning of cement-concrete pavement. Practical value. Designed composition of roller compacted concrete with the use of local Ukrainian materials allow to ensure the construction of cost-effective, durable road pavement with the possibility to carry out the movement on the cement concrete pavement after 1-3 days.

Abstract:

Religion is an important component of Ukrainian society and culture, but we are currently in a situation of reconstructing national identity, so the question is which place religion will take in the new construct? The formation of religion in the structure of identity, in addition to the media, is also influenced by literature, but this influence is more complex and contains hidden intentions, so the analysis of religion in the identity structure of modern literary works is relevant and not enough studied. The works by Serhiy Zhadan stand out with a special outrageousness, including images of a religious orientation. At first glance, it seems that in these texts the author deconstructs, destroys and speaks ironically of the established religious images and symbols, demonstrating the uselessness of religion in modern society. However, the outward outrage hides the attempts to cite examples of identity construction, in which religion is given a certain place. The aim of the article is to consider the representation, dynamics of development, artistic functions, and role of religion in the structure of character identity in Serhiy Zhadan's novels of 2004–2017 (“Depesh Mod” “Voroshylovhrad”, “Internat”). Methods of classification and modelling, sociopsychological, and hermeneutic interpretation, comparison, deconstruction, and methods of postcolonial studies have been used in the analysis. The study has found that religion has a different role and value in each of the novels. In “Depesh Mod”, religion is presented as an “another” phenomenon that is abstract and incomprehensible and has no real embodiment; the narrator speaks ironically of the bearers of religious identity, but at the same time takes quite seriously the image of Jesus. In “Voroshylovhrad” religion acts as a phenomenon of “own” and plays almost the most important role in the formation of group identity of the character; moreover, here we have a sample of religion, where abstract ideas are reconciled with the material world and values. In the “Internat” the emphasis is on the formation of national identity, and therefore the author addresses religion much less, demonstrating its inability to answer the question “own – another's” in terms of national identification. These three texts also present examples of the deconstruction of religion: religious images and symbols are presented in real-life situations far removed from the traditional religious context of Scripture or the temple. The novelty of the article lies in the problem posed, because the study of religion in the structure of the identity of works of art has little attention (in contrast to the study of intertextual links between literature and the Bible). The practical significance is an idea of studying religion in the structure of identity through the involvement in the analysis of strata of national-ethnic, cultural, ethical, traditional, and moral issues.

Abstract:

The materials of the complex archeological and ethnographic expedition in the Dnipro regions by D. F. Krasitsky in 1944–1945 was description in this article. The names of the participants were established, among them employees of the Dnipropetrovsk Historical Museum, experts of the Institute of Archeology of the National Academy of Sciences of the USSR and students of the Duma. The attention is drawn to the active role of D. F. Krasitsky, as a manager, in solving various organizational and financial issues for the implementation of scientific and practical tasks facing the expedition. The text sections of the reports, which differ by subject, are analyzed. In particular, it speaks of the following: "Over the Dnipro", "Mirror of the Dnipro" and "Minerals of Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporozhye Oblasts". The first one provides information on archaeological sites, whose location has been established due to the downfall of the Dnipro through the undermining of the dam Dniprges. It emphasizes the cultural peculiarities of time-consuming archaeological sites, describes their contemporary status. The section "Mirror of the Dnipro" is accompanied by a detailed map-scheme of the northern part of the Dnipro, which allows them to be considered as a unique unique reference book. The data of the third section on minerals in the research area indicate a profound knowledge of DF. Krasitsky on this issue. For ethnographic surveys, villages selected near the city of Dnipropetrovsk: Lotsmanskaya Kamyanka, Stary Kaidaki, Voloska, Zvonetsk and Military. 100 respondents from 106 questions from a specific FD were interviewed. Krasitsky theme - "House and in the house". The obtained data of ethnographic observations reflect the transformation of ethnoculture of Ukrainians in the region. The importance and exclusivity of the material collected during the expedition under the direction of DF Krasitsky on the historical, cultural and ethnographic peculiarities of the population of ancient times to the present day have been emphasized.

Abstract:

Ukrainians demonstrate an intense interest in the domestic and foreign policy of their country, as well as in what is going in geopolitical processes. Social and political discourse in Ukraine is highly politicised which results in a great variety of lexical elements found in everyday publications and discussions. There are many political terminoids, politological quasiterms or quasitermini, political jargonisms, and pseudoterms of political realm that are extensively used both in Ukrainian and international discourse. Examples may vary from a term Trumpism, which bears a significant emotional load with pejorative connotations, to a more neutral term Thatcherism that became a part of political and economic reference books. Russian military aggression against Ukraine brought a new meaning to the terms Putinism, that resembles the term Hitlerism, as well as Rushism – a combination of Russia and fascism, which denotes an imperialist, chauvinist, aggressive, militant foreign policy of Russia, especially to its close neighbours. Different terms like that constitute a vibrant interdisciplinary field that is not paid sufficient attention to. This article suggests approaching analysis of pragmatics functions of these lexical elements by analysing their role in more general course of terminologisation of political and social discourse. A number of different examples of such lexemes are listed and their use is commented by placing them into a broader context of lexicological studies. In the English language tradition such lexemes are studies within the discipline of language for special purposes, in this case – the language of politics. The German terminological tradition speaks of Fachjargonismen and Halbtermini, the latter may be regarded as a sort of an equivalent to the concept of quasiterms used in our terminological studies. Some examples of pejorative and metaphorical lexical elements used in political discussions are also described and commented briefly, like the terms Porokhobot as an example of a pejorative terms used to describe those who support the president of Ukraine Mr. Poroshenko and his politics, or the terms related to the revolutionary events in Ukraine in 2014 – Euromaidan – a term widely used outside of Ukraine, together with the term Leninopad to describe the removal of the monuments of Lenin as a part of the policy of de-communisation. It is claimed that this terminology allows broader public to participate in political discussions since it simplifies the discourse but also sets some terms of reference for placing opponents and proponents of certain political actors, ideologies, or parties according to lexical delimitation lines. In the European Union those who criticize the policies of the Union and see a threat in the increased German influence go as far as to suggest a term Merkelreich to combine the name of the German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the German word Reich to imply a rather brutal reference to the Third Reich. On the other hand, such a term provides a great simplification to the discussion about the nature of political processes within the European Union. By comparing Germany’s economic potential in the common market to the imperialistic ambitions it also sets discursive boundaries for a certain type of political debate. It is also stated that such lexical elements can indicate a shift in political and social developments since such pseudoterms have potential to transform into full-fledged political science terms in the future. It might be the case the militant and aggressive foreign policy of today’s Russia would one day named Putinism and become part of university textbooks in politics. As it is almost impossible to predict the future of a particular quasiterm, it is suggested that the current process of nomination of terms within the socio-political discourse should be studied with a particular attention. Some discursive practices may reveal the mechanisms behind the logic of how certain terms are used. For example, a political expert or a political scientist would hesitate to use a terminoid with pejorative connotations in official lecture or in a peer-reviewed article, but he or she can use it in an emotionally heated discussion or, with some reservations, even on a TV-show. These terms are all around and the ways and rules of their application should be paid more attention to. The article concludes that these elements should be researched from an interdisciplinary perspective.

Abstract:

Wind speed spatial distribution over the territory of Ukraine built based on weather stations measurements has been analyzed. Interpolated field of wind speed averaged over 1981-2010 indicated fairly heterogeneous structure with a number of artificial spots of larger/smaller values compared to surrounding areas. The main reason of such heterogeneity might be associated with representativeness of observation site regarding the landscape zone. It is well known that surrounding obstacles have a great impact on wind flow in horizontal direction. In order to solve this problem we have corrected sub-daily wind speed data measured at 207 meteorological stations of Ukraine for the period of 1981-2010 according to the open terrain conditions and the standard height (10 m). Generally, aerodynamic characteristics (e.g. surface roughness length) of measurement sites are needed in order to perform such adjustment. However, the only usable parameter available at a climatological reference book is horizon closure degree. The research revealed significant relationship between this characteristic and wind speed records (Pearson correlation coefficient equals -0.58). Given that horizon closure degree could not be used in correction procedure directly, surface roughness length has been calculated for 10 stations and statistical relationship has been determined between these two parameters. Based on the obtained relation and additional information we have found roughness length for all 207 stations at eight directions. Supplementary materials for analysis included observation sites description and Google Earth snapshots as well. In the final step, there has been applied a correction formula derived from the neutral logarithmic profile of wind speed in the atmospheric surface layer. The output of the research is new database of corrected wind speed measurements for the multiyear period. These results have been compared with observations. Mean 30-yr corrected speeds are featured by more hom*ogeneous distribution over Ukraine and mostly higher values (with positive mean spatial bias ~0.35 m/s). The applied method allowed us to remove uncertainties related to differences in vertical level of measurements and considerably eliminate influence of the micro-scale terrain inhom*ogeneity. Obtained datasets may facilitate to perform spatial interpolation and further development of Ukrainian Wind Atlas.

Abstract:

Purpose. The aim of the article is improving the methodological approach to assessing the state of economic security of enterprises. Methodology of research. The following methods are used to achieve this goal, namely: generalization - to analyze the views of economists on the object of study and formulate the conclusions of content analysis of primary sources; analysis and synthesis - to find out the main scientific categories of the study, to clarify the indicators of security of property; trend extrapolation - to determine the periods during which the thresholds of property-security indicators can be reached. Findings. It is taken into account that the values of indicator indicators of the corresponding types of economic security of an enterprise change at different speeds. It is proposed to determine the average period of time, weighted by the rate of change of indicators-indicators of security types of the lowest level of the hierarchy to assess the status of individual types of security located at the highest levels of the hierarchy in the overall structure of economic security. For this purpose, it is proposed to build two types of trends. The first is the trend of each individual indicator, and the second is the industry average trend of each indicator, defined for all enterprises in the industry. It is shown that if both trends are dipping (with the desired growth dynamics), then to determine the state of economic security of the enterprise, it is necessary to build a reverse trend. This trend characterizes the dynamics of the indicator from the last reporting year of the study to the initial one. In this case, the period in the past is determined when the indicator was equal to its threshold value. The proposed methodological approach is presented on the example of assessing the security status of the property status of Ukrainian mining enterprises. It is revealed that the state of most of them during 2017-2018 characterized as satisfactory and only in some cases as good. Originality. The methodological approach to assessing the state of economic security of an enterprise is improved, which, unlike existing ones, takes into account the rate of change of values by indicators-indicators of economic security and allows us to evaluate the periods when they reach their threshold values. Practical value. The proposed methodological approach to assessing the state of economic security allows us to draw conclusions about the need for managerial decisions to improve it. In particular, it is revealed that urgent measures are required by JSC “South-West Mining Plant”, OJSC “KZhRK” and PJSC “ZHRK”. Key words: security of property status; economic security; threshold period; trend, speed.

Abstract:

The article deals with topical issues of mortgage agreements, according to which the mortgage is transferred to the mortgage, the right of use of which are underage children, and the study of problematic issues of further recourse to such housing. As a result of resorting to a comprehensive interpretation of individual regulations and court decisions, the degree of legal uncertainty that coexists with such terminological term as “Housing for children to enjoy” has been investigated. The article contains a study of the norms of the law that ensure the realization of the child's right to use the mortgaged property, which in particular concludes that the legislator has identified sufficiently specific restrictions on the rights of parents to dispose of real estate (housing) to which they are entitled to use to the child. It is also noted that the permission of the guardianship authority is required not only if the child is the co-owner of the real estate, but also if there is only registration of the child in the accommodation. Attention is drawn to the fact that the very fact of registration of a child in residential real estate (when the child is not even a co-owner) already speaks of the need for obtaining the permission of the guardianship authority. After all, such actions (deeds) of parents, which by their essence limit the property rights of the child, can in no case be carried out without the permission of the guardianship and guardianship bodies. But if the guardianship authority has been granted permission to enter into a mortgage agreement, which provides for the mortgagee's right to satisfy his claims by selling the mortgage / acquisition of title to it, it means that such authority simultaneously consented to and alienate such property upon the occurrence of the property provided for in such transaction. According to the results of the study, deficiencies in the legislative regulation of the above issues were identified and the risks of violating a child's right to use mortgaged housing were identified. This made it possible to provide guidance on the practical avoidance of situations where a mortgage agreement was invalidated due to a violation of children's rights. At the same time, Ukrainian legislation, some scientific works of scientists were analyzed, which made it possible to speak about insufficient level of attention of scientists to such problems as protection of the rights of the borrower (mortgagee) and members of his family - minor children and, at the same time, introduction of responsibility of parents in the sphere. violation of the rights of the child.

Abstract:

The aim of the article is the conceptual reconstruction of the origin of the Crimean Karaims as an ethnic group and determination of the factors which played the main role in the formation of their faith – the Karaism. The actual topicality of the theme under analysis is stipulated by the definite factors, which are of both ethnic and religious origin. At present there still happen fervent academic debates that make the borderline between two opposing scientific approaches concerning the key issues of the Karaims’ origin and their faith. The opponents – or the proponents – of both scientific trends are claiming that the problem is “absolutely and fully” solved, but this very fact speaks for the evidence of its definite ambiguity in solving the problems of theory and in approaching the issues of research. The methods. The methodology, used in the article, is stipulated by the specific features of the research object, which calls for the complex interdisciplinary analysis including both the approaches of the hermeneutic interpretation and the comparative historical methods. The interdisciplinary dialogue serves its goal in this paper, involving different academic subjects in one attempt at the whole analysis. This methodology is so important in this case because the objective covers the analysis of the generalized vision of the wide problematic field. The latter includes historical-comparative methods, hermeneutic approaches, deconstruction techniques, etc., which can help history and theology communicate in the mutually beneficial dialogue. The main results. The research of the ethnic origin of the Crimean Karaims in the context of the transformations of their faith – the Karaism reveals the ambivalent interpretations of their history and worships. The authors’ conception confirms the hypothesis of the Karaims’ origin as the Turks and substantiates the idea of the Biblicism as a source of their faith. The concise conclusion. The Crimean Karaims (Karai) being the Tengrianists before the 1st century A. D. then adopted the pure Biblicism through the Crimean local ethnic groups. Anan’s teaching having complemented the Biblicism did not change its main ideas. The practical meaning is connected with the accentualization of the scientific interest in the historical heritage of the non-numerous ethnic group – the Karaims under the conditions of the risks and the threats of the globalization processes. The project of Man has been constructing the system of values for thousands of years, and nowadays the critically minded postmodern man or woman cannot be free from the absolutes of faith, from the ultimate concepts of philosophy. And namely at this historical stage those obvious criteria can help the postmodern person to perceive that moral law that is the intrinsic value of the human being. The originality. The research problems have not been yet the subject of the special investigation in the Ukrainian science. The scientific novelty. The foundation of the Karaims’ religion is the Biblicism which had come into existence 500 years before the Judaism appeared as the worship. Thus, the Karaism cannot be considered a sect of the Judaism. The type of the article: analytical.

Abstract:

The article investigates the problem of increasing the motivation of students of nonlinguistic higher education institutions to study the new scientific (economic) English vocabulary through the use of game techniques at foreign language classes. The motivation of the higher education institution student who studies a foreign language is a necessary component of the educational process. Today much attention is paid to the professional training of the future specialists, to the person adapting to the current conditions of the Ukrainian society development. We have become aware of the dominant role of language education. A specialist who speaks a foreign language has better prospects in job searching, studying abroad, participation in international projects and conferences, and getting acquainted with foreign professional experience. Our state is integrating into the European educational, economic and socio-cultural space. That’s why, a foreign language mastering is also necessary for the implementation of such an aspect of professional activity as the establishment of international contacts. These aspects, of course, determine the structure, goals, content and features of the educational process organization. The motivational and necessary pedagogical conditions for ensuring the qualitative professional training of the future specialist have been searched for an effective motivation of university students to study a foreign professional language, because effective use of motivation allows identifying internal reserves of personality for its development, education and upbringing. Motivation can affect both the performance of activities and the development of the personality. The aim of the article was to research the problem of increasing the students’ motivation of nonlinguistic higher institutions of education to study the new scientific (economic) English vocabulary through the use of game techniques at foreign language classes. The main form of teaching a foreign professional language at the university is a lesson. We tried to find out what students of the faculty of management and law of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University prefer to do at the foreign language classes. It was found that 36% of respondents have choses classes on the new professional terms memorizing; 24% of students have given priority communicative skills; spoken language is prevalent for 22% of respondents; writing various statements and documents is the main thing for 8% of future managers, 10% attend classes to assess their level. So, the vast majority of students of the faculty of management and law of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University want to study new professional vocabulary at their English lessons. The results of monitoring on problem existing, the optimal form of new term memorizing and the most effective means of teaching and memorizing vocabulary among students of the faculty of management and law of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University are presented. A comparative analysis of the students’ marks and successes before and after the game forms application at the classes of foreign professional language is conducted. It is noted that mastering foreign language professional vocabulary is a key component of a foreign professional language, it enables to increase the efficiency of the educational process, contributes to the formation of a competent specialist who is competitive in modern conditions. The game forms of foreign professional economic vocabulary studying enhance the ability of students to memorize new English-language professional terms effectively. At our foreign language classes we have used three well-known vocabulary games, i.e. I Have Who Has, the Fly Swat Game, and puzzles for vocabulary training for two months (eight lessons). It should be noted that before the experiment two students (4%) had excellent marks; 20 students (40%) had good marks, 23 (46 %) students had &quot;D&quot; and &quot;E&quot; marks; 5 students (10%) received &quot;FX&quot;. These studies have shown the effectiveness of using game techniques for studying foreign economic vocabulary. It was found that three students (6%) received excellent marks; 24 students (48%) received good marks; 22 students (44%) had "D" and "C" marks; only one student had a "FX" rating. We agree that the evaluation system is an integral part of the game technique, because it aims to ensure the control of the quality of the acquired knowledge. Of course, such a system performs both control and self-monitoring function. The content of the game form is determined, undoubtedly, by its educational objectives.However, games significantly increased the vocabulary of students; they also led to an increase of their motivation to study a foreign professional language. We think that vocabulary memorizing depends on the rationally, conscious perception of terminology by the recipients (students). We note that the cognitive approach is actively developing both in Ukrainian and world psychology, cognition, psychonometrics, psycholinguistics and linguistics, is intended to solve a difficult task. It consists both in memorizing foreign words and expressions and mastering the concepts, phenomena, processes, mechanisms. The more informed decisions student take in choosing the word, the higher the level of his cognitive awareness, the better the word is memorized. Thus, the use of game techniques increases the ability of students to remember new words, because they activate their cognitive activity. It is proved that the analyzed form of economic vocabulary teaching significantly improves the ability of students to memorize the new English-language professional terms effectively, increased their motivation to study the new terminology of the business English language. This publication has not researched all the aspects of the multifaceted nature of the problem under study, therefore, further research is considered promising. It is recommended to analyze the cognitive approach in teaching students of English terminology.

Abstract:

Introduction: For many demobilized ATO soldiers, the solution to the problem of unemployment is to set up and run their own business as a tool for socio-economic adaptation, since a self-fulfilling condition for returning to a full-fledged life of a Ukrainian soldier is to achieve self-realization, to obtain a stable economic income and to ensure a proper social status. in society [15]. According to research conducted within the framework of the Annual Business Climate Assessment (ABCA 2016), ATO veterans have indicated that they first and foremost need to increase their knowledge and skills in business. Most of them lack knowledge, first of all, in the field of promotion of their business, the second place is occupied with knowledge of the legal framework and taxation. This speaks to the need for additional measures, namely, it is advisable to pay attention to the introduction of on-line training for ATO veterans through interactive platforms that will allow veterans and disabled ATO, even at a distance, to fully receive qualified training and consulting services for starting own business.Today, the system of higher education institutions has the power of an on-line training system based on the use of interactive platforms, but only some of them have been documented in the military environment using this technology of training. Therefore, the task is to explore the possibility of using interactive platforms to teach the basics of ATO veterans entrepreneurship, to analyze and establish the most effective platform, which will be easy to understand and with a simple interface in the training of ATO veterans in the basics of doing business.The hypothesis. It is envisaged that the introduction of an interactive platform for training ATO veterans the basics of entrepreneurship, will allow them to solve a number of problematic situations in the process of opening their own business, familiarize with the rules of law and the tax system in Ukraine.The purpose of the article is to theoretically investigate the prospects of implementing an on-line training system for conducting training courses on the basics of doing business for demobilized ATO soldiers using an interactive training platform.The research methodology: a systematic method of comparing the features and tools of existing on-line interactive learning platforms in the world, critical thinking – to highlight the most effective interactive platform for teaching ATO veterans the basics of doing business, the method of analogy – to study the international experience of using interactive platforms the military training process.Results: It is proposed to implement an on-line training system to implement business training courses for demobilized ATO soldiers using the popular modular object-oriented dynamic learning environment. It is proved that the process of training using the interactive training platform Moodle for ATO veterans will allow them to implement the basic methodological principles. The Moodle interactive platform mandates the download of instructions for use of the software, which allows ATO veterans to effectively manage business processes. Also, the presence of training courses and constant communication with the teacher helps ATO veterans to form entrepreneurial logic - a type of thinking with which it is possible to launch your startup in the shortest possible time.Conclusions: It can be argued that the use of an interactive platform will not only simplify the process of opening its own business by ATO veterans, but also solve a number of problems related to the socio-economic and psychological adaptation of demobilized ATO soldiers to the peaceful life in the country.

Abstract:

The reception of D.H. Lawrence`s works in Western and Ukrainian literary criticism is reflected in detail in Natalia Styrnik`s thesis. She concluded that Lawrence`s short stories remain underexplored in modern Ukrainian literary criticism. The applicant herself undertook to identify the leading themes, motives, and artistic peculiarities of the implementation of the latter. However, the specifics of the female image in the short stories of the English artist lack her attention, there are only occasional characteristics of a particular heroine. The aim of the article is to determine the peculiarities of the interpretation of the Sleeping Beauty Motif in the short story by D.H. Lawrence “The Princess”. The objective is to determine the basis of the plot of the short story and analyze the artistic components of the main character’s image. To achieve our goal, we use the elements of motif, receptive-interpretive psychoanalytic and comparative methods of analysis. What strikes the eye when reading the short story is the popular plot about so beautiful princess that no man in the kingdom is worth even her little toe. It is a typical plot for fairy tales of different nations. The heroine's lineage with the kings is mentioned at the beginning of the short story due to the origin of her father. Traditionally, in fairy tales, the birth of a child is the result of one of the parents’ interactions with the other world. In Lawrence`s story, this is transformed into the unusual behavior of Colin Urquhart, whose attitude to his married life was so unusual that his wife regarded him as an “unreal creature”, “echo”, “ghost”, which is repeatedly emphasized in the text. The girl`s connection to the other world unfolds through the repeatedly articulated motif of the changeling. In fairy tales, the early death of the mother and the introduction of an evil stepmother are determined by the vital need of the girl to grow up independently, because of the kindness of the mother, her excessive care hinders the deeper development of the young woman and her ability to respond to life's problems. It is established that in Lawrence`s short story the motif of the mother's death undergoes transformations: a two-year-old child finds herself under the full care of her father, who raises the girl in a perfectly romantic atmosphere. It is he who instills a behavioral model of a princess in his daughter, unattainable to any man. As the father and daughter reside on the European continent, and the maternal grandparents live in the United States, it creates an illusion that the mother's family and the father's families belong to different “worlds” – different cultures/worldviews. Colin Urquhart, and later his daughter, embodies a romantic culture that tends to idealize a woman as a beautiful lady, and the knight's love for her is perceived as a deep platonic affection. The romantic worldview is manifested through the details of appearance (Urquharts have blue eyes), the style of the heroine’s clothes, her asexuality. The essence of the beautiful heroine is expressed by one of her names – Dollie, which urges us to perceive the living as the inanimate, understand the existence of the Princess as mechanical, devoid of feelings and sensations, alienated from other people`s lives. Her father Colin being presented through the micro images of the bodiless ghost/phantom/echo can also be interpreted as his asexuality on the one hand, while on the other, it can be seen as the mortality/irrelevance of his life principles, which he himself adheres to and instills in the girl. Many fairy tales convey the need to have a family, which is a marker of a socialized person. The search for a marriage partner in a fairy tale always takes place in a space “alien” to the protagonist, which is often defined as “another kingdom”, “distant lands”. According to the fairy-tale canon, to solve the problem, a woman goes on a journey and as a result gets closer to an impoverished but physically fit and silent Mexican, encouraging him to take this dangerous trip to the mountain forests with her. The heroine deliberately leads to the situation where she ends up alone with the man, but later she turns out to be unable to “turn off” the pattern of the princess cultivated by her father and accept the man with his nature. The dream essentially announces the future fate of Dollie – “to be buried alive”, because she makes every effort to defend her existence as a disembodied/asexual being, thus burying a woman within herself. Thus, the heroine`s common sense and instincts could not prevail over the cultural superstructure called “Princess”. According to the fairy-tale canon, even as a young girl, the protagonist showed extraordinary abilities – in the short story her artistic talent and knowledge were repeatedly noticed: the young woman reads the classic literary novels not in translation, but in the original language, which speaks highly of her intelligence. We can assume that not only parental upbringing, but also classical literature, with its taboo on sexual life until the first third of the twentieth century, influenced the heroine. In mind of the Princess two op- ISSN 2523-4463 (print) ВІСНИК УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ АЛЬФРЕДА НОБЕЛЯ. ISSN 2523-4749 (online) Серія «ФІЛОЛОГІЧНІ НАУКИ». 2021. № 2 (22) posite images of men are formed: either he was a disembodied companion of a beautiful lady, or “a rough monster”, “Caliban”. The text repeatedly suggests that Mary Henrietta Urquhart could have been quite happy with Domingo Romero, but due to her distorted-romantic view of men, it never happened. The end of the short story is seemingly happy – the heroine is saved, she returns home, to her former life, and even marries a man who, given his age, most likely was not a sexual partner to her but compensated for the deceased father. This conclusion can be explained both by the fact that the “kiss” of the Mexican, which the Princess initiated herself, had not awakened the woman in her, she remains a sleeping beauty forever. D.H. Lawrence`s short story meets the canons of a fairy tale and is read like the modern-day fairy tale showing you how you should not raise a girl.

Abstract:

Андрієнко Т. Стратегії і тактики перекладу: когнітивно-дискурсивний аспект (на матеріалі художнього перекладу з англійської мови на українську та російську). Монографія. Київ: Видавничий дім Дмитра Бураго, 2016. 340 с. ISBN 978-966-489-360-9 Andrienko, T. (2016). Strategies and Tactics of Translating: Cognitive and Discursive Aspect (Based on Literary Artistic Translation from English into Ukrainian and Russian). Monograph. Kyiv: Dmytro Burago Publishing House. 340 p. ISBN 978-966-489-360-9 (in Ukrainian) Рецензент: Сергій Засєкін s.zasyekin@gmail.com Східноєвропейський національний університет імені Лесі Українки, Україна Поява монографії Тетяни Андрієнко «Стратегії і тактики перекладу: когнітивно-дискурсивний аспект (на матеріалі художнього перекладу з англійської мови на українську та російську)» в семіотичному просторі українського перекладознавства – непересічна й визначна наукова подія, що засвідчує поступ українського перекладознавства у світі. Її автор – досвідчений український теоретик і практик у галузі перекладу, яка вже понад півтора десятиліття після захисту фундаментальної праці в галузі прагматики художнього дискурсу (Андрієнко, 2002) актуалізує когнітивно-дискурсивний підхід й успішно торує йому шлях у перекладознавстві України. Метою праці є здійснення інтегрального комплексного спеціалізованого аналізу дискурсотворчої ролі стратегій перекладу й механізмів їхньої реалізації. Уведення вченою до перекладознавчого наукового обігу понять стратегії й тактики, на моє переконання, – досить виважене рішення, позаяк синтез когнітивної й прагматичної перспектив слугує профілактикою суб’єктивності дослідника-перекладознавця й сприяє кращому розумінню ним багатогранності процесу перекладу. Антропоцентричність підходу до перекладу зумовила застосування методу моделювання перекладацької діяльності, у центрі якої перебуває мовна особистість перекладача. Саме через мовну особистість тлумача як провідної ланки інтеракційної моделі перекладу пролягає місток між інтенцією автора вихідного тексту (ВТ) та кінцевим інтерпретатором тексту перекладу (ПТ), з’єднуючи різномовні комунікативні «береги» потоку текстової реальності. Із такого погляду, перекладну версію читач бачить як модель світу автора першоджерела. Якість і вірність цієї моделі залежить від ступеня «видимості» перекладача у ПТ. Тому логічно, що Т. Андрієнко послуговується венутівською парою: «очуження» й «одомашнення» (Venuti, 1995). У цьому сенсі перекладач – цілковито проактивна сторона процесу перекладу, або «перемовин», за термінами У. Еко (2004), що мають за мету порозуміння між учасниками проекту. Відтак, здобуття перекладачем агентивного статусу спонукає науковців аналізувати його продукт в аспекті самостійності, що означає результат певної стратегії породження «тексту для когось» (Тороп, 2015:169). Праця робить важливий унесок до чіткішого розуміння перекладацької стратегії, адже термін «стратегія» сьогодні доволі вільно тлумачать не лише лінгвісти, а й перекладознавці, як-от: процедура, техніка, прийом, метод, підхід тощо. Попри те, що ці синонімічні одиниці мають зони спільності значення, навряд чи по-науковому вдало звучать, наприклад, комбінації «локальна процедура» чи «глобальна техніка». Тому локальними чи глобальними можуть бути стратегії, що й доводить автор у своїй монографії, здійснивши спробу об’єднати їхнє когнітивне (Lörscher, 1991) та текстуальне розуміння (Chesterman, 1997). Такий синтез водночас сприяє кращому усвідомленню усталених опозицій «послівний» (word-for-word) та «смисловий» (sense-to-sense) переклад; «орієнтований на джерело» та «орієнтований на рецептора» (source- vs. target-oriented) переклад; «формальна й динамічна еквівалентність» (formal vs. dynamic equivalence) (Nida, 1964); «семантичний і комунікативний» переклад (semantic vs. communicative translation) (Newmark, 1988) і, нарешті, «очуження й одомашнення» (foreignization vs. domestication) (Venuti, 1995). Це – базові речі, без «стратегічного» опрацювання яких у книзі було б дуже непросто опанувати перекладацькі підходи, пояснити цілі й прагматичні ефекти перекладу. Заслуговує на увагу чітке структурування й змістове наповнення авторкою п’яти розділів, логічність викладу інформації. Упадає в око багатий арсенал методів аналізу художнього тексту. Одним із найпомітніших інструментів обчислення смислової інформації на основі семіотичного розуміння багатозначності смислів, що їх інферують читачі (Лотман, 2004), застосовано метод визначення міри інформаційної ентропії тексту оригіналу в зіставленні з даними тексту перекладу. Відтак, дослідниця послуговується в монографії терміном «перекладна ентропія», визначаючи її як суму ентропії ВТ та ентропії мови перекладу. Перша з цих складових реалізується на етапі інтерпретації ВТ, друга – на етапі синтезу – кодування смислу ПТ. Саме з різним рівнем інформаційної невизначеності текстів різних функціональних стилів дослідниця пов’язує можливість стандартизації перекладів конкретних типів текстів (див. Додатки Б, В), а також межі й кількість інтерпретацій і множинності перекладів (с. 111). Авторка монографії органічно інтегрує до власного дослідження ще одну важливу сторону перекладацької діяльності, – аналіз стратегій відтворення реалій, тропів, власних назв. Цікавим видається підхід до алюзій як когнітивних реалій, відтворення яких в іншій культурі еквівалентне відтворенню інтертекстуальних зв’язків у перекладі. Така позиція суголосна ідеї семіотика Тартуської школи П. Торопа стосовно того, що алюзію слід визначати як засіб активізації одночасно двох текстів (Тороп, 2015:169). Підкреслю, що Т. Андрієнко слушно акцентує ті питання, що часто залишалися поза увагою науковців. І позитивом є те, що з набиранням обертів дескриптивного напряму перекладознавство поступово зміщує фокус від сприйняття перекладу як функції до його бачення як перекладацької дії. Авторка своєю монографією доводить, що перекладацька особистість, її когніція, дискурсивний і психолінгвальний статус повинні бути центральною темою наукових дискусій. Хоч і невидимий, перекладач сьогодні таки «говорить», про що свідчить і рецензована праця, і непомітні, на перший погляд, події на загальному науковому тлі. Ось, наприклад, конференція “The Translator Speaks: Literature, Language and the Art of Translation,” що відбулася в м. Вільямстаун, штат Массачусетс (США). Її назва говорить, що перекладачеві потрібно більше приділяти уваги, почути його, шанувати його професію, адже переклади не беруться нізвідки. Вони є результатом напруженої роботи мозку перекладача, наслідком лінгвосеміотичної реалізації його когнітивних планів, балансуванням між домінуванням авторської інтенції та задоволенням читача, між імпліцитними та експліцитними смислами, перекладацьких відкриттів і рутинних рішень, успіхів і невдач. Суголосно цим ідеям, в інтеракційній моделі перекладу перекладач визначається як центральний антропокомпонент комунікативної взаємодії в перекладі, організатор віртуального комунікативного акту «автор – читач», а його комунікативний статус вважається вищим за статуси автора й читача. Отже, монографію Тетяни Андрієнко «Стратегії і тактики перекладу: когнітивно-дискурсивний аспект (на матеріалі художнього перекладу з англійської мови на українську та російську)» вирізняє доступність думок й легкість стилю, чіткість і влучність відбиття наукових ідей. Переконаний, що ця праця стане в пригоді багатьом молодим і зрілим дослідникам у галузі перекладознавства та суміжних галузей науки. References Андрієнко Т. П. (2002). Мовленнєвий акт іронії в англійській мові (на матеріалі художньої літератури XVI - XX століть) : Дис... канд. філол. наук: 10.02.04. Харків: ХНУ ім. В. Н. Каразіна. Andrienko, T. (2002). Speech Act of Irony in the English Language (On the Material of Belletristic Literature of the 16th and 20th Centuries). Ph.D. dissertation. Kharkiv: V. Karazin National University of Kharkiv. Baker, M. (1992). In Other Words. London and New York: Routledge. Chesterman, A. (1997). Memes of Translation: The Spread of Ideas in Translation Theory. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Eco, U. (2004). Mouse or Rat? Translation as Negotiation. L.: Phoenix. Lörscher, W. (1991). Translation Performance, Translation Process, and Translation Strategies: A Psycholinguistic Investigation. Tübingen: Narr. Лотман Ю. (2004). Семиосфера. СПб.: Искусство СПБ. Lotman, Yu. (2004). Semiosphere. S-Petersburg: Iskusstvo SPB. Newmark, P. (1988). Approaches to Translation. London & New York: Prentice Hall. Nida, E. A. (1964). Toward a Science of Translating. Leiden: Brill. Тороп, П. (2015). Тотальний переклад. Пер. з рос. О. А. Кальниченка, О. І. Оржицького. Вінниця: Нова книга. Torop, P. (2015). Total Translation. Translated by O. Kalnychenko. O. Orzhytskyi. Vinnytsia: Nova Knyha. Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. London & New York: Routledge.